This is the equation an angle compensation rangefinder does for you (as far as I can tell):
[(Actual distance from you to target)^2 - (distance you are from being on horizontal plane with target, up or down)^2]^1/2 = compensated range
Clear as mud right. Lets say you are standing on a cliff face 5 yards higher than your target, which your normal rangefinder ranges at 30 yards. 30 squared is 900. 5 squared is 25. 900-25=875. Square root of 875 is 29.6. 29.6 is what the angle compensation rangefinder would show.
Lets say you are 10 yards (30 ft) above your target which is 40 yards away. The compensation would still only be 38.7 yards, less than two yards!
An extreme example: If you were 30 yards (60 ft) higher than your target, and you range your target at 60 yards. You'd want to use your 52 yard pin, which is a difference of 8 yards, which would actually be worth compensating for. But those figures put you four times higher than an average tree stand and about twice as far as I like to shoot.
BD, near vertical shots definitely change things. If you are 30 feet up on top of a vertical rock outcropping and an and elk is standing five yard from the base of the rocks your rangefinder might read 15.8. But you know if you use your 15 yard pin you're going to shoot way over it. You'd have to shoot like the elk was five yards from you. I like to think most of those shots can be estimated without an ARC rangefinder.Anyway, kind of interesting.
I'm no math professor, but I think this is right. Take it for what it's worth.